Street Congestion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Street Congestion - Research Paper ExampleApparently, Manhattan central contrast district is an example of a street that is facing street over-crowding. The congestion in this street is as a result of potholes. unconnected from describing the problem, this paper will offer the best solution to the problem and the bell of solving the problem.More than 25,000 vehicles travel down the Manhattan central note district, and this number is increasing day by day (Feit and Feehan 32). With these many vehicles moving up and down the street of Manhattan central business district, the resultant consequence is traffic congestion. However, the traffic congestion level highly depends on the capacity of the road ((Vanderbilt 54). Traffic congestion in Manhattan has occurred as a result of the modal split or the volume of traffic creating remove for space that is greater than the available road capacity on the street. With the existence of the problem, a solution has to be created.In response t o the increased street congestion in Manhattan central business district, the first bar towards solving this problem is having parking restrictions on the street. This nooky be achieved by increasing the non-monetary and monetary cost of parking on this street. However, free parking distorts the market in favor of car travel, worsening congestion. Apart from the introduction of parking restriction, the State can ensure that there are a park and devolve on facility. This facility will allow parking at a distance giving space for sequel by ride sharing. These facilities can be created on the metro stations along the streets.Providing travel choices can abridge street congestion in Manhattan central business district. Bicycling, public transportation, and walking can reduce the demand for peak-hour travel in cars that is the primary cause of dairy congestion in Manhattan central business district. Notably, around 45% of all

Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos Allegory of the Cave - Essay ExampleThe prisoners come up with a guessing game on what the images they see on the w each(prenominal) could be. The one who gets his guess respectable on what the next object to appear is gets praised by his fellow prisoners and is vox populied as a master of nature, unconstipated though none of these things they guess have they seen or known.Plato finds a problem with this kind of knowledge where muckle believe in truth in things they have even not seen or experienced. Plato has his own view of how people should perceive and arrive at truth in their daily encounters in life. The first percept is sensory perception. This entails the world as it appears, how we see it, feel it using our senses. The second kind of perception is spiritual perception. This comes almost after we ignore the sensory perception and set out to seek deeper insight on the basic knowledge we have (Herman 2013). This previous perception happens to be Platos ideal philoso phy of all time and the ideal kind of concept.Aristotles rhetoric can best be defined as the art of observing the necessary cause of persuasion in any given situation. According to Aristotles Rhetoric, he finds it okay for people to talk about things (ideal) they en mountain or have heard about as though they were actually in touch with them (Rorty, 1996). In his view this believe in the vision would bring them even closer to these ideal. Aristotle believed that human beings had the ability to look at how communications happen well-nigh them and deduce meaning and come up with convincing arguments.

Miami school district negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Miami prepare district negotiation - Essay ExampleThis alike controls incidents of school boards misappropriating the funds by engaging in expensive or unnecessary projects. The redistricting of school boundaries as well as plays a vital role in limiting future bond packages and maximizes utilization of education facilities in the schools (Greene, 2000). As a result, poverty gaps manifested in the education system are eliminated as well as alter the overall eccentric of education. Conversely, rezoning of the school boundaries implies that a great deal of students change schools and teachers are transferred. This process is also resource intensive with huge portions of public funds going into it. As a result, there is posit for dedication from all stakeholders. Therefore, before school boundaries are redrawn all the concerns and recommendations voiced by stakeholders should be considered. For instance, the quality of education is vital in todays society. This is one of the funda mental principles that parents consider especially when shifting, create and buying their homes in particular school districts. This is because the quality of education that is subjected to children shapes their future as well as molds their personalities, talents and character. Poor quality of education from early stages in life i.e. intermediate and secondary level of education, pull up stakes adversely affect the livelihood of students (Brantlinger, 2003). Therefore, in the event of redistricting school boundaries parents are usually concerned somewhat teachers competence, implemented strategies of accessing and determining quality of education facilities and the standards of education in these schools where they are supposed to transfer their children to. early(a) factor that parents consider in the event of redistricting school boundaries is the increase in cost and time taken to travel to and from school. Most of the students who should be transferred have to either use the school bus or walkway a further distance to get to their new school. Such measures usually disorient students to the extent of adversely affecting their time management and study plans. Moreover, parents also consider that their children lead have to be subjected to several(predicate) environmental factors that whitethorn adversely affect their social life (Douglas, Crowson & Shipps, 2006). On the same note, parents fear that their children will have lose ties with friends from the former school which may also affect their social life after affecting their grades. The students too constitute major stakeholders in the education system. The process of redrawing new school boundaries may affect the quality of education they are subjected to especially if the schools they are transferred to have lower quality standards. In addition, they may have to travel long distances, face rejection due to their racial, economic, cultural and religious differences and break friendship ties w ith their former friends. Conversely, their social life and self esteem may change to be worse. On the other hand, teachers and the other staff will also be affected by the redistricting process because they will also be transferred to a new working environment which also means that there will be a couple of layoffs. Their concern is fitting in and adjusting to the new environment as well as their future and career

Target Company - Sprint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Target Company - hyphen - Essay ExampleThe corporate social organisation and the organizational culture are the backbones of the come withs success (Ante 54). This is demonstrated by the value that the conjunction leadership and focus adopt for the employees and both stakeholders of its business operations and activities. The organizational culture and behavior of the order is however determined by the various forces and variables within the business surround. The economic environment within Sprints business activities is characterized by increased warlikeness from its major business rivals and new entrants into the wireless telecommunication industry (MarketWatch 284). It is due to the companys need for staying competitive that its core corporate values are designed to demonstrate and achieve maximum integrity in the provision of wireless telecommunication run and products to its customers. Integrity is achieved finished both the words and actions of the management and e mployees (Curran 30). Integrity means that the company endeavors to remain competitive by becoming the most reliable internet provider within the business environment. Additionally, economic forces have caused the company to provide its customers with competitive prices for its telecommunication services. ... ocial and cultural forces within the telecommunication industry and business environment in general have mandated the company to adhere to its corporate right. Additionally, the company values its honest responsibility to all of its stakeholders (Ante 55). It is in this regard that the directors of Sprint are drawn from diverse cultures to ensure that the needs of all stakeholders with all their differences are effectively met. The companys directors and management value good relationship with the employees through effective leadership approaches, enhanced communication and collaboration. More importantly, the leadership and company management focuses on gaining the trust of the investors (MarketWatch 288). In this sense, the interests of the companys stakeholders are taken into due consideration by the decisions of the directors. Furthermore, the companys ethical responsibility has been embedded into the companys business behavior which is characterized by well equilibrate and motivated employee. As a result of this, the companys work force is creative and in advance(p) in the design and production of various telecommunication services. The political and legal environment has led to the companys adherence to the regulations and policies of the government in all its operation (Curran 30). The behavior of the companys directors and the management team is thus influenced by the regulatory environment within the legal and political business environments. The pick of directors is through a majority vote as required by the legal framework. Additionally ethical practice in the presentation of financial statements is highly valued by the company. More impo rtantly, the company has adhered to the regulations on taxation (Ante 56). The

Models of Decision-Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Models of Decision-Making - Research Paper theoretical accountThe Classical model of close making jackpot be utilized in the composition to get to various business decisions (Li 1). This is a prescriptive method of decision making and assumes that managers are demythologised and tenacious in their decision making process and their decision will be governed by the best interests of the organization. My organization recently purchased new manufacturing equipments. The main problem was increasing costs of servicing the old machine, low fruit and raw materials wastage during the manufacturing process. The management made the decision by keep uping the classical model since the purchase decision was rational. The management followed a clear sequential process of analyzing the costs involved in servicing the earlier equipment and associated benefits (Li 2). The management also conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the new equipments by factoring all associated costs and pass judg ment output to the organization. The management also considered other alternatives including upgrading the previous equipment or leasing the equipment from a third party. After the rational and sequential analysis of the decision criteria, the management found it prudent and reasonable to purchase the new equipment alternatively of upgrading or leasing one from third parties. The management later bought the new machine and made a follow up to ensure it met the objectives of the decision (Li 3).The administrative model is also refereed as the behavioral model or neoclassical model. There are numerous factors which determine how a problem or decision can be classified in to the classical model, administrative and political model. For the classical model, the decisions or problems will be classified in this model if the decision aims at accomplishing a particular well-known goal (Ayobami 1). The licit criteria for making the decision should be economic interest and the decision maker should be rational. There must be conditions of certainty including

HumanDocuments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HumanDocuments - Essay ExampleThe introduction of cotton produced a positive effect which completely changed the extremely agricultural population towards becoming a manufacturing community. Significant transformations in spite of appearance the union became notable and the social setting was transformed through the way individuals behave within the party (Guest, 28). Tradition bothy majority of the population within this region relied on arable farming to produce pabulum for their households and any surplus would be sold. The modern day township of Manchester has become inhabited by super industrious individuals (Kay, 44)The society within the region was comprised of individuals who upheld and believed in the high moral standards as a way of life (Guest, 26). The settlement of disputes, which rarely occurred was undertaken by clergymen, whose authority was unquestionable (Guest, 26). The harmony which existed within the community skirt the region had since been lost and the society had become highly permissive (Guest, 27). Social norms were observed by all the members of the society, an aspect which enhanced the peace and tranquillity of the region (Kay, 45). The society could be described as having been highly religious as the observation of religious virtues was considered a mandatory aspect of human livelihood. The dress calculate of the people could testify to the religious beliefs upheld by the people (Tignor et al., 583). Events occurring in relation to the introduction of cotton resulted in an overall transformation of the society and this caused the people to move away for their beloved social norms to other lay behaviours (Kay, 45 Guest, 27).According to Guest, farmers within the regions were content with their traditional and cultural responsibilities and showed little support for transformations occurring within the society (Guest, 27). Men worked and provided for their families and were heavily dependent on their families for social and

London Through Centuries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

capital of the United Kingdom through with(predicate) Centuries - Essay ExamplePerring (2002, p.1) states that, papist London was built on the north bank of the Thames, the site of the young city. Our determine to the Museum of London helped us a lot to understand more than about the afterward effect of the amalgamation of British and Roman cultures. The museum is not so far away from the suburbs of London because it is serious the London Wall. But we did not like to waste our time by viewing all the items displayed at the Museum. We entered the Museum and the Museum authorities pointed out that the objects displayed on the floor E can help us to learn more about Roman London. The curator guided us towards a number of objects displayed at the Roman dispositions section. We were all stunned with surprise because it was beyond our imagination. The artistic craftsmanship of the people who lived between AD 50 and AD 410 was really amazing to us. The Roman Collection is symbolic of the human interest in preserving historically of import objects. The curator pointed out that the effort to reconstruct the city of London helped to discover the objects that were preserved under the give for centuries. The collection primarily includes ceramic objects, marble/metal objects, coins, woody objects, and some items in bone and leather. The ceramic display at the Museum sheds light into the actionstyle and culture of the people who lived in London between AD 50 and AD 410. ... After viewing the ceramic section, we headed towards the Marble/Metal object section. The curator guide us towards the marble sculptures that are excavated from a historically cardinal place in Roman London, cognize as the Temple of Mithras. Later, we viewed the metal objects discovered from the Walbrook stream. These works are symbolic of the industrialization of handicrafts and domestic life of the Roman London. For instance, the jewellery and household utensils prove that handicraft de veloped into the form of industry in Roman London. The next section was really interesting to me because the same revealed the vividness of the cultural aspects of Roman London. The coin collection helped me to understand more about the importance of trade and commerce in Roman London. Besides, the leather and wooden objects were helpful to understand more about handicrafts in Roman London. So, the visit to the Museum of London was helpful for us to understand the cultural aspects of Roman London. Medieval London First of all, Medieval London is interconnected with Norman invasion, which happened in the year 1066. One can see that some of the religious buildings and monuments in the Modern London are symbolic of the cultural heritage of Medieval London. To be specific, the Norman rulers constructed a number of forts and monuments in London. So as to have deeper understanding on the historical and cultural characteristics of Medieval London, we searched for churches and historically important monuments. Then we came to know that some of the churches and monuments like St. Bartholomew the Great, St Bartholomew the less and the Guildhall are important. So, we decided to visit these churches and monuments and restructured our timetable. Our first visit was

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy - Research Paper ExampleThe Soviet Union created the east Bloc which comprised of the eastern European countries. The US promoteed the western European countries for post state of war recuperation and later formed NATO to contain communism. The two powers never had direct military action, but the period contained sets of high-pitched tension crisis and race for supremacy. Different doctrines were followed over time to contain spread of communism. The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan take to worst patch of relationship between the two. Strait of Hormuz forms a bottleneck at the Persian Gulf, therefore, a strategic position to control the petroleum take to the woods from the region (Rodrigue, 2004). The Afghanistan invasion brought Soviet Union in close proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, which could have been accessed through invasion of Iran. Soviet actions posed threat to the stability of the entire region. US along with other countries were pendant on the oil for functioning of their economies. The supply was in either case crucial for the military to maintain its operational capabilities. Saudi Arabia, therefore, was assured of security by US from commie adversaries. Iran was a key ally in the region to guard against spread of communism. Iran and Saudi Arabia were given aid to counter Soviet Union and ensure stability in the region. The Iranian revolution in 1979 heterogeneous the situation therefore, a new doctrine had to be formulated. The exclusion of Iran demanded a doctrine to present capable threat to guard against spread of Soviets in the region and to find reliable replacement for supply of oil to US. President Carters doctrine was a paradigm shift from previous doctrines of President Truman, Eisenhower and Nixon. It was aimed to make authorise the importance of the Persian Gulf as key vital interest. The doctrine made clear that any effort by hostile power to block the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf would be considered an attack on US vital interest and would be dealt with military force. It was a direct inform to the Soviet Union to stay out of the region (Stork, 1980). The doctrine also demanded close cooperation of surrounding countries in the region to support against this security threat. Implementation rapid Deployment Force The US did not have satisfying military presence in the region at the time of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The US was dependant mainly on the NATO, which were conventional strategic forces and needed time to start its operation. President Carter formed Rapid Deployment Force, which was aimed to respond to international crisis immediately. The force consisted of five Army divisions and was stationed near the Persian Gulf. Elements of all four weapons i.e. Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine were incorporated in the organization of the force. The major aim was to create determent for the Soviet Union against possible intervention in the region and to ensure continuation of the oil flow from the Persian Gulf (Noel, 2006). The force was mobile and did not require forward military bases as compared to NATO deployment. atomic Policy Nuclear weapons were used as deterrence as well but its insurance unploughed changing over time. The Carter Administration outlined the US policy for use of nuclear weapons. The new policy stressed that US must remain prepared to fight a protracted nuclear war (Siracusa & Coleman, 2001). Nuclear deterrence was used before Carter, but its new policy was aimed at backing

Viva Zapata Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Viva Zapata Paper - Essay ExampleThe germinate justifys the quest of the revolutionary and the challenges that had been subjected upon him, when he had craved to establish a more comfortable environment as compared to the dictatorial regime. This is an indication of how hostel presents pillars to frustrate the oppression subjected by individual in power, to counter their actions with a more stable union that would advance development. Plot and Implications on that point is the need to offer equality and stability within the societal prospect, and through the film there is little room for a dictator leadership style because there are activists who try on to fight for the best interest of the majority. Zapata is told to be the child from a poor background, but this does not encumbrance his will to be capable of challenging the strongest man in Mexico, when he feels that there should be inter diversify in the manner he had been ruling his territory. The war that is the central ity of the film advocates for change, and deliver the oppressed from the hands of the dictator. These developments in the film change the plot setting to depict Zapata as an offlaw. In such political setting within the society, there is an fire as portraying the activists as the individuals who do not embrace change and engage in the process for selfish purposes. There is never stability in a society where individuals are not given equal opportunity to express themselves. The fight that the movie set in the 1900s indicates, and the trend exists in some countries in the developed world. Power is the entity used in the film to explain how individual who obtain the entity lead to the decline in equal individual development. Zapata is of mixed races, and we are told that he is Mexican Indian who sought their trade from farming. The film explains how Zapata forces to be the hero of his society when he decides to acquire the mission of creating a revolutionary change. The president ful l with selfish motives discriminates against the village Morelos when he separates the arable territory leaving them with the unfertile piece. Zapata handles the incident through rebelling against the decision and confronts the president in a manner cognise to him. His actions further led him to rescue one of the captives from the militia, and this turns him into the most wanted civilian in the land. There is an attempt to create a resolve by the producer as Zapata becomes popular among his people in the reciprocal ohm as he had a positive implication on the exiled Don Francisco (Young 89). Diaz is defeated, and the new president Francisco is enacted as the new leader. However, all is not well because the new leader acts as an individual that lacks policies and is made to progress to decisions based on an outward influence. These actions do not work for Francisco because influential individuals like Zapata had aided him to power, and he had craved to return the favor. Viva Zapat a highlights the consequences of greed and power explaining how those with the ability run the world full of evil. There is a limited solution as one evil action leads to the other. After Diaz is forced out of power, the new president Don Francisca is assassinated by the order of Huerta on his quest to deliver justice. This takes Zapata and his helper Villa to continue their quest of enacting a new leader. Zapata finds duty assuming the role of the leader with limited resolutions to resolve the dispute that had led him to rebellion. This idealism leads

Flexability creativity and communication in nursing Essay

Flexability creativity and communication in care for - Essay Exampleto boot there are several responsibilities that they have to specialize. In general, nurses work in hospitals, clinics, schools, wellness centers, long-term supervise facilities, hospices, physician offices, home settings, and temporary help agencies. They can specialize in a numeral of roles including neonatal care for, Labor and Delivery Nursing, Intensive Care Nursing, Operating Room Nursing, Cardiac Care Nursing, Geriatric Nursing, pediatric Nursing, Oncology Nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, Occupational Health Nursing, Pulmonary Nursing, Diabetes Nursing, and others.With the increasing demand for nursing staff all all over the world, it is important that more and more people get trained and get into this noble profession. Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining, re-attaining and maintaining optimal health and functioning. Modern definitions of nursing define it as a science and an art that focuses on promoting quality of life as defined by persons and families, throughout their life experiences from birth to care at the end of life (Wikipedia, 2008).Nursing is based on the grand of service to humanity. Ever since its origin it has been about wholeness, holistic in practice and theory. Today, with the sophisticated technology, nurses need to be trained and experienced in various aspects such as Evidence Based Nursing and Nursing Informatics. While there are various fields that have been developing, the basic qualities of flexibility, creativity and communication has remained a constant need for success in this profession. This paper discusses the importance of flexibility, creativity and communication in nursing profession.While a fall in the number of nursing leaders may be attributed to the true nursing shortage, studies have noted that there is also a significant deficiency in the number of nursing leaders who are able to b ring in flexibility in the profession. Even at major

Economic Concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Concepts - Assignment physical exertionEventually, the importance of trading with each other will be realized as both parties move around better off as a result of such trade. Economic Concepts 1. What is Michelles opportunity bell of producing potatoes? two hundred potatoes = 50 bellyachers -- 200/200 potatoes = 50/200 chickens -- 1 potato = ? chicken or 0.25 Opportunity follow of producing star potato is ? chicken or .25. 2. What is Michelles opportunity cost of producing chickens? 50 chickens = 200 potatoes -- 50/50 chickens = 200/50 potatoes -- 1 chicken = 4 potatoes Opportunity cost of producing angiotensin-converting enzyme chicken is 4 potatoes. 3. What is pack opportunity cost of producing potatoes? 80 potatoes = 40 chickens -- 80/80 potatoes = 40/80 chickens -- 1 potato = ? chicken Opportunity cost of producing one potato is ? chicken. 4. What is mob opportunity cost of producing chickens? 40 chickens =80 potatoes -- 40/40 chickens = 80/40 potatoes -- 1 ch icken = 2 potatoes Opportunity cost of producing one chicken is 2 potatoes. 5. Which person has an absolute prefer in which activities? For Michelle Opportunity cost of producing one potato is ? chicken. And opportunity cost of producing one chicken is 4 potatoes. For mob Opportunity cost of producing one potato is ? chicken. And opportunity cost of producing one chicken is 2 potatoes. ... This intend that Michelle has the comparative degree advantage in producing one potato because it is cheaper for her to do this. 7. Which person has comparative advantage in chicken? For Michelle The opportunity cost of producing one chicken is 4 potatoes. For James opportunity cost of producing one chicken is 2 potatoes. Hence, James has the lower opportunity cost for producing one chicken. This means that James has the comparative advantage in producing one chicken because it is cheaper for him to do this. 8. Suppose that they are thinking of each specializing on the whole in the area in whi ch they have a comparative advantage, and then trading at a rate of 2.5 pounds of potatoes for 1 chicken, would they each be better off? Explain. Yes, both Michelle and James will be better off if they designate in the area in which they have a comparative advantage and trade at a rate of 2.5 pounds of potatoes for 1 chicken. Michelle will specialize in producing potatoes while James will specialize in raising chickens. If Michelle will specialize in producing potatoes, she will produce 200 potatoes which when traded at a rate of 2.5 pounds for 1 chicken will produce 80 chickens (as shown below) as contrary to 50 chickens she would have produced if she specialized on raising them. 200 pounds of potatoes/ 2.5 pounds = 80 chickens. If James will specialize in raising chickens, he will produce 40 chickens which when traded at a rate of one chicken for 2.5 pounds of potatoes will produce 100 potatoes (as shown below) as opposed to producing 80 potatoes he would have produced if he spe cialized on planting them. 40 chickens x 2.5 pounds of potatoes = 100 potatoes. 9. How would you extend the above narrative to businesses, partnership as a whole or nations?

Contract Negotiations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Negotiations - look into Paper ExampleFinally, the conclusion will sum up the thesis as well as the findings.A abridge is a lawful agreement involving two or to a greater extent parties. This means that contract negotiation is a process of talking about the stipulations of the agreement to fix a specified goal. Before attempting to negotiate a contract, one need to identify the briny objectives for unveiling into the agreement, research on the present contract laws, build trust with the negotiators, and prepare for the entire negotiation by getting primal figures and facts. Contract negotiators have immense skills and knowledge that help them to acquire a more(prenominal) appropriate and constructive contract for their clients (Garrett, 2005, pp. 18-21). Therefore, under the theoretical foundation, this treatise aims at describing the main areas of knowledge and skills that are important to ensuring success of a contract negotiator. It also details one strategy that a n effective negotiator ought to gestate to achieve a favorable contract. In addition, under the discussion part, relevant implications in regard to contract negotiation will be analyzed. This discourse concludes that effective communication, critical thinking, active listening, legal and technical understanding, management, and fond perceptiveness are some of the skills and knowledge that are required to guarantee a constructive contract.Research shows that the main job of a contract negotiator is to maximize value for their employers. Therefore, they need to be exceedingly competent and possess particular skills and knowledge that are in accordance to their line of work. For instance, one of the main qualifications that they need to have to ensure a favorable contract is impeccable communication skills. This means that they must effectively articulate the needs of the organization and be in a position to win more clients. Moreover, they need to have a rich ground for knowledge and be critical thinkers. In that

Policy Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Change - Essay ExampleTo attack this disease in the glide slope decades will require a government policy that elevates the importance of cancer research, adequately funds the program, and makes accompaniment available to the most promising research.Cancer research has been typic altogethery funded by organizations such as the matter Cancer Institute (NCI), National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) or university medical centers. The NCI is the principle political agency that is responsible for the nations cancer research policies. It has seen its budget reduced in 2006 and 2007 when it received $4.75 billion dollars from the US Congress (Cancer Research Funding). The agency is charged with determining which types of cancer are researched and where to pass around their scarce resources. The research needs to be split among the important aspects of prevention, treatment, and cure. Dividing up the livelihood is very much squeeze by political and social pressures. Advo cates for breast cancer research fought for years to get adequate funding in the face of national gender bias. If a cancer only afflicts a certain passage or ethnicity, it may require extreme lobbying to get the attention it deserves. Social pressures often place the business for prevention and the contracting of the disease on the individual, such as when lung cancer is caused by smoking (Clarke and Everest 2598). Researchers often compete for private donations based on these social pressures or political expediency. An important aspect of a national policy would be to force politicians to consider science, while removing doctors from the role of politician (Hoff and Bretthaur). To accomplish this all cancer research should be brought under the umbrella of a central organization.To make this policy reassign would require the overwhelming support of the public. To get this accomplished it would need to be elevated to the level of a national debate. The current presidential candid ates could introduce

South African Foreign Policy in the 1930's Essay

South African unknown Policy in the 1930s - Essay ExampleThe links between the Afrikaans and the German people increase through time and had been present since the first European settlements were made in South Africa. J.F.J. van Rensburg, who subsequently became the Kommandant Generaal of the Ossewa Brandwag, wrote in his autobiography that he carefully, meticulously and gratefully learnt the German language since it was the language of a similar people. Oswald Pirow, the Minister for Justice and later Defence Minister was a self confessed Germanophile. He visited Europe on s eventideral occasions, and made it a point to pay his respects to German and pro-German Leaders like Hitler, Goering, Mussolini, and Franco (Bunting, 1964). Mussolini himself utilize racial discrimination as a factor in the foreign policies and government of his country untold like South Africa (Robertson, 1998).Considering the example set by her father, Pirows daughter must have through with(p) her fathe r proud when in 1939 she arrived in England and gave an interview on her way to a German Womens camp while talking to a representative of the Daily Express to whom she said that even though she had never been to Germany, it felt like home. Her grandparents on both sides were German and her father spent his boyhood in Germany. This conception of taking Germany as home was present in many of the Afrikaner people of German argument since there was a natural affinity between them and the Germans (Bunting, 1964). It can hardly be expected that such sentiments could give the British much confidence in South African support at the eve of war.

International competition and risk management of Ultra Electronics Essay

International competition and risk management of radical Electronics Holdings - Essay ExampleTo a large extent in that locationfore, a compevery that wants to compete effectively must(prenominal) be in a position to identify what customer needs are, how other competitors are run into up with these needs, and devising strategies to counteract the provisions being made by their competitors. This way, we say a warlike good has been created (David & Desheng, 2008). But what is more interesting is the fact that as companies try to create competitive breathe in over their competitors, a not too pleasant situation with risk sets in, creating the need to management the risks alongside the creation of competitive advantage. In this paper therefore, how Debenhams Plc undertakes international competition and manage risk are critically discussed. Company description Listed on the London Stock Exchange and a member of the FTSE 250 Index, the eighteenth hundred founded Debenhams plc now h as over 172 locations across the UK, Denmark and Ireland (Fredriksson and Patrik, 2009). The company operates mainly as a retail chain with a departmental store outlook in the United Kingdom. There are also a deem of area monopoly stores in other countries, making Debenhams a trading international company faced with the delegate and need to engage in international competition. Stores in UK, Ireland and Denmark serve as the major market segments for the company. just about of its international enfranchisement however includes 68 stores that are operated under license in as any as 25 countries. This means that for each of the countries, the company establishes its market presence firmly there by having 2 to 3 operating stores (Biasi, 2011). in the next 5 years, the company has plans of increasing its international franchise stores to 150 so that it can be a more vibrant competitor and have an increase market share as it currently lags behind some key competitors whose major competi tive advantage is in their market visibility (Chapman, 1996). Debenhams plc is mainly engaged in the departmental stores industry, trading in products such(prenominal) as shoes, accessories, fashion clothing, cosmetics, electrical, gifts, home furniture, electronics, and toys. With an employee strength of 29,000 as of the close of 2012, the managed to raise revenue of ?2,229.8 million in the same year period, out of which ?125.3 million was their net income with operating income of ?158.3 million (Biasi, 2011). Latest market reports indicated an clean of 0.45% increase rate over the last 6 months, plainly not being strong comme il faut to equal market share growth rate for the same period last year (Davis, Eppen and Mattsson, 2004). For example, as of November 2013, the companys price in GBX was 93.40 with 1.72m shares traded representing a beta of 1.5. This value is however a declining growth for the company as the share traded in 1 year represents a change of as some as 20.10 %. As a departmental store, the company is not directly involved in manufacturing but in retailing. To this end, it does not deal with suppliers who are directly into raw materials but engages in outsourcing of finished products in the areas of products that it trades in as has been stated above. Financial Performance Profitability Performance Financially, the performance of the company over the past five years can be said to have been a mixed one. This is because there has often been rises in revenue and growth at some point in time, and at other times, falls in revenue and g

Most serious hindrance to international cooperation regarding human Essay

Most serious hindrance to global cooperation regarding tender-hearted development, mood change, and re lineage depletion - test ExampleAt one end China is becoming the manufacturing hub of worlds big industries and at the other end, the role of China regarding climate change has become more important on global screen. In fact the process of inter farmingalization and globalization has made the international cooperation through suitable transmit a necessity for the economies. However, international cooperation which deals with the development in different fields of life has itself become a global issue. There are various concerns and problems which hinder the progress of international cooperation especially regarding human development, climate change and resource depletion. Much has been achieved through international cooperation and, many economies remain off track. It is very pregnant to learn the factors which have been contributing to hinder the progress of international co operation especially in the area of human development, climate change and resource depletion. The world economy is a building block of various hearty classes which differ based on their income levels, races, religions etc. To reduce the conflicts and to ensure the sovereignty of every nation, the nation-state carcass has been introduced however the increasing globalization is contributing to the unification of world. The major reason which is generally considered to be the major source of hindrance in international cooperation is the self-interest of every nation. When these interests conflict, the issues of inequalities and sovereignty become dominant. The developing countries in the interest group of expanding their economic activities give very low priority to climate change and environment conservation. Therefore, the approaches which are creation used by actual states cannot be used in the developing states and the collaboration gap expands. Dvorsky (2010) has identify the five reasons because of which the Copenhagen Climate Conference failed. He has identified that nation states do not like to be told what to do. Therefore, the economies who consider maintaining trade balance as their top priority and climate change as their dwell priority cannot change their priorities after an international conference on climate change. The ethnic conflicts between the developed and developing states largely hinders the international cooperation especially regarding human development. Japan is actively involved in international cooperation regarding human development through technical cooperation and educational cooperation. From Japans perspective international cooperation in education is important because education shapes the foundation of an individual and at large foundation of a nation thereby, contributes to economic and social development. On the other hand, Kenya society identifies the various differences between modern education introduced by colonial g overnment and traditional education formed by tribal societies. These differences are related to objectives, methods, limit and attitudes between two educational systems. The government of Kenya took this matter very seriously as it was increasing cultural conflict in the society. Like Kenya, the other countries which have been forced to adapt the modern education system have faced such cultural conflicts

Guilt vs Acceptance Essay Example for Free

Guilt vs Acceptance EssayThe power and match that guilt gouge pose on ones life can be a positive and negative experience depending on how the individual deals with their situation and whether or non they learn a lesson from their mistake. The novels A Separate Peace by John Knowles and Fifth blood by Robertson Davies sh atomic number 18 the theme of guilt in their storylines through returns and relationships provided differ as to how to the partings cope with their reactions through reflection and confrontation. A Separate Peace tells the story of a young boy by the name of broker Forrester who in an act of overjealousy and competitiveness pushes his friend Phineas out of a tree.Fifth barter palisades the character Dunstan Ramsay, who as a child, ducks a sweet sand verbena with a rock hidden within thrown at him by his friend Guy. The sweet sand verbena hits Mary Dempster at the back of the head, causing her brain damage and the premature birth of her baby capita l of Minnesota Dempster. Both plots surround two workforce who depend back at their harps and how a single negative event affects their childhood. What would contract to the fore to be an insignificant moment of the historic evolves into a lifelong mental scar that poisons the characters with guilt and the trust for acceptance.The novels protagonists share encounters in childhood fueled by competitive friendships however, Gene Forrester accepts responsibility for his actions and is competent to effort on while Dunstan Ramsay does non and lets his memories and guilt plague his life. The two novels are similar in the view that both Gene Forrester and Dunstan Ramsay are involved in childhood incidents that curse them with guilt. In the novel A Separate Peace, Gene Forrester subconsciously escapes the branch he and his corporeally and socially superior friend Finny are standing on.Finny falls and is heavily injured and the casualties lead to his early death later on. and th en my knees readiness and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head around to look at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke through the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening, unnatural thud (Knowles 60). Gene Forrester feels solely responsible for this terrible accident and feels extremely guilty. If Phineas had been sitting here in this pool of guilt, how would he have felt, what would he have done? (Knowles 66). In the novel Fifth Business, a rich and jealous enraged friend Percy Boyd Staunton pursues Dunstan Ramsay.When Percy throws a rock concealed in a degree Celsiusball at Dunstans head he ducks and lets it strike the pregnant Mary Dempster. This accident is the cause of the premature birth of Paul Dempster and the destruction of Mr. and Mrs. Dempsters marriage and family. I stepped brisklyin front of the Dempsters just as Percy threw, and the snowball hit Mrs. Dempster on the back of the head (Davies 2). Dunstan feels responsible for Mrs.Dempsters mental health, Paul Dempsters physical health, and their ruin as a family. I was contrite and guilty, for I knew the snowball had been meant for me, entirely the Dempsters did not seem to think that (Davies 3). Both characters suffer from these self-inflicted negative occurrences and attempt with the realization of what they have done and how it affects those involved. other similarity between A Separate Peace and Fifth Business is that both Gene Forrester and Dunstan Ramsay have intimate friendships infused with jealousy and argument.These poisoned relationships both ignite the impactful events that occur in their childhoods. Gene feels in constant competition with Finny, who appears to be good at everything. That way he, the not knotty(p) athlete, would be way ahead of me. It was all shabby trickery, it was all calculated, it was all enmity (Knowles 53). He is superior in appearance, physical capability, personal stamina and obligingness gained from popularity amongst the other boys at the school. I couldnt help envy him that a little, which was perfectly normal. There was no harm in envying even your outstrip friend a little (Knowles 25).Dunstan knows that Boy Staunton wishes to be the best in everything. He aspires to be the intimately handsome, most successful in a romantic relationship, most successful in a career and most popular. Percy Boyd Stauntonthe only man who accepted his watch with an line of creditit was a fine effect, and as I grinned and clapped, my stomach burned with jealousy (Davies 97). He feels aggressive pettishness for Boy as he lives the life that Dunstan secretly wishes he could himself. Boy wore a gorgeous slipover of brownish-redand his demeanor was that of the lords of creation.A pretty girl with shingled hair and rolled stockings that allowed you to see delightful flashes of her air out knees was with him, and they were taking alternate pulls on a flask that contained, I am sure, something intoxicatingI was make full with a sour scorn that I now know was nothing precisely envyI didnt really want the clothes, I didnt really want the girl or the booze, but it scalded me to see him enjoying them (Davies 113). The two novels capture the intensity of the characters conflicted relationships with their closest friends as their constant struggle for a balance between hatred and respect fails to cease.The novels A Separate Peace and Fifth Business differ from each other within the main characters thoughts and reflections on their memories. Gene Forrester accepts jostle the tree limb so Finny would fall, but understands the particular incident as a fragment of the past with no lasting effect on his life. Dunstan Ramsay however, remains attached to his guilt and responsibility for letting the snowball hit Mrs. Dempster and his actions haunt him for the remainder of his solar days.Gene Forrester revisits his old school and although experiences memories of fear from the past, it is only an echo not a current emotion. Looking back now across fifteen geezerhood, I could see with great clarity the fear that I have lived in, which must mean that in the interval I had succeeded in a very important undertaking I must have made my escape from it (Knowles 10). He has not severed his feelings of regret towards the incident nor does he see Finnys untimely death as unimportant but instead is able to appreciate his strong connection with this part of his past and can learn from his childhood errors.He understands that the experience matured him and was a crucial step in the acclivity of growing up. Gene visits the site where Finny fell with confidence and seeks the gratification of knowing that those years trapped at Devon school with an injured friend are behind him. This was the tree, and it seemed to me standing in that location to resemble those men, the giants of your childhood, whom you encounter years later and find that they are not m erely smaller in relation to your growth, but that they are absolutely smaller, shrunken by age (Knowles 14).Dunstan Ramsay on the other hand, does not revisit sites from his past every 15 years but instead dedicates his entire life to the study of Saints and Mary Dempsters impact on his life. He does not permit himself assessment of his child-selfs mentality during the accident and therefore, is never able to gain the satisfaction of learning from his mistakes. RamseyYou have paid such a price, and you look like a man full of secrets-grim-mouthed and buttoned-up and hard-eyed and cruel, because you are cruel to yourself. It has done you good to tell what you know you look much more human already (Davies 220).Instead of visiting places of his past or confronting those involved with his childhood, he sees his memories through a haze of anger and anxiety. An event that should have seemed insignificant and even negligible later so legion(predicate) years, is still important to him in his daily life and the emotions he felt 40 years ago have not changed but intensified. The fear and guilt he felt as a child is still fresh in his mind. Cursing what seemed to be a life timemy association with Mrs. DempsterIt was as though I were visiting a part of my own soul that was condemned to live in hell (Davies 182).The two characters, although faced with similar situations, choose different paths for their lives, which separate them from each other. A final contrast between the characters Gene Forrester and Dunstan Ramsay in the novels A Separate Peace and Fifth Business is the difference in their reaction to the event in their past. Both Gene and Dunstan suffer guilt nearly a single action in their childhood. Gene confronts his emotions and immediately tells Finny what happened, while Dunstan keeps the truth of the event a secret.While Finny is still recovering from his fall, Gene immediately visits Phineas after the accident and tells him the truth. Although he feels h e makes things worse, it gives him a peace of mind and helps him to move on. Finny, Ive got something to tell you. Youre going to hate it, but theres something Ive got to tell youThis is the worst thing in the world (Knowles 66-67). Gene is able to move past his guilty conscience of causing Finnys fall and is able to focus his attention to mentally recovering and pushing forward in life. in spite of everything, I welcomed each new day as though it were a new life, where all past failures and problems were erased, and all future possibilities and joys open and available, to be achieved probably before night fell again (Knowles 105). Dunstan however, bottles up his thoughts and emotions concerning the events that occurred on the night Mrs. Dempster was hit on the back of the head with a snowball.He does not tell anyone about the stone in the snow until the later years of his life. Nevertheless this conversation reheated my strong sense of guilt and esponsibility about Paul, the war an d my boastful life had banked down that fire but not quenched it (Davies 136). Dunstan keeps everything to himself and seeks out no help for his luxuriant mind and the stories and truths that are trapped within it. The snow-in-the-snowball has been characteristic of too much youve done for you to forget it forever (Davies 270). The two outcomes of the two characters lives is a reflection of how they handle the injury of the innocent and how they come to face the consequences of what they have done.The novels A Separate Peace and Fifth Business both display the lives of men who suffer a great deal in their childhood from unhealthy friendships and a singular bad event. Gene Forrester and Dunstan Ramsay share similarities in the occurrences of their lives but differentiate from each other in how they dealt with it. Gene faces his victim Finny with the truth of the accident, being that he deliberately jounced the limb so his superior friend would fall, and is therefore granted ela tion from his confession and a peace of mind.Gene matures free of guilt and the residue of the horrific event is but a memory he can briefly recall in his mind but not linger on. Dunstan Ramsey takes a different route, and on a downwards-spiraling path of shame, he lives a lonesome(a) life, left to face his childhood troubles every day, making ancient memories a constant reality. He matures with many emotional scars and does not feel any release from his inner torments. In conclusion, the two novels depict contrastive scenarios of self-reproach, one displays a characters positive liberation of guilt and one shows a characters negative manifestation of guilt.

Adolescent and Predictable and Unpredictable Elenents of This Transition and Associated Life-Stage Essay Example for Free

Adolescent and Predictable and Unpredictable Elenents of This handing over and Associated Life-Stage attemptAbdallah. Ayda captious Reflection Essay Introduction Within the context of breast feeding there has been a meaning(a) change in nursing in the last two decades, where nursing and medical knowledge has led to changes where diligents can no longer stay in infirmary and reduction in hospital beds. Professionals who argon employed in the healthcare industry are dealing with acutely ill patients who are in more need of care (usher et al 2009). As professionals we must discover the nature that is offered to us by responding and using forgeive thoughts to enhance the important aspects in society (Lauder et al 2004). And qualified toy withs, take and understanding is essential for their pr typifyice to remain current, continuous improvement in reflecting on our thoughts, and what we do becomes familiar to our practice (usher et al 2008). It is a necessity for nurses to u se critical hypothesiseing as it helps gather germane(predicate) information to assist practitioners in examining assumptions and identify relationships and patterns (Parker Clare 2000). We begin this chapter by exploring the concept of critical reflection and why it is important for a nurse, as well as provide an over view of the related command that requires the use of reflective opinion in practice by registered nurses, the next section addresses the Gibbs Cycle of what, why and overview of definitions of reflection.Nurses are becoming more aware of the need to utilize and improve their practice, as well as consider the political, social structure issues affecting it. (Taylor 2000). As changes are occurring with the nursing context it is essential for nurses to try come out of the closet and respond to different challenges. Initiatively, reflection is the foundation of organizing difficult situations when faced, it too is easily understood, if any problem wound up in the work place (usher et al 2008). John (1998), explains the description of reflection of when being faced with contradictions allows practitioners to assess, think critically and reflect on their practice. In addition reflection is a process which allows existence in acknowledge in the way nursing theory, for example can. Reflection is cognitive in relation to changes of things we do which is not a technique or curriculum element.See moreFirst Poem for You EssayReflective practice enables practitioners to learn from their experiences and what they do, how they do it, what they say in relation to their homeand work, in the significant of others and wider society and culture. Nurses who engage in some form of activity are set out by regulatory authorities indicate an adoption with the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, (ANMC). Competency standards for registered nurses (2005), in the first 1990s Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, (ANMC) had first adopted the subject fiel d competency standards for registered nurses. Establishment of the placement was in 1992, to develop a national approach to nursing and Midwifery regularisation. To ensure and deliver respectable competent care, the (ANMC) worked together with the state and territory nursing and midwifery authorities (NMRAS) to produce national standard.In relation, to the AHPRAS Scheme, which came into effect of 1st of July, 2010, the operations are governed by the health and practitioner regulation national law Act, 2009 (QLD) and each state and territory. In addition with the national scheme, responsibility was taken over for the regulation of nurses and midwifes in Australia, and taken ownership of the national competency standard for registered nurses. The minimum care standards for a nurse in Australia are the 4 domains provisions and coordination of care, professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, collaborative and therapeutic practice. The domains of reflections which also inc lude self-appraisal reflecting on ones own practices by encountering and beliefs and professional development. The domains suck all been set out for the nurse to reflect on practice, reflectively and ethically (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008a, 2006). Reflections a verb which means to reflect on one thought (Hancock 1999). This might recall what one thinks and memories in a cognitive act such as overviewing identifying error. (Taylor 2000). Reflection is an activity in the guidance of an action before it happens. (Francis 1995). Rolfe et al (2001), turn over that knowledge for practice that does not come from text books or lectures. In addition they call it scientific knowledge that practitioners pick up from everyday knowledge, reflection is the process of theorizing almost that knowledge. In consideration, of the reflective views of recognizing strengths and weaknesses and my procreation enables me to halt positive changes to my future practice by using Gibbs C ycle get.Gibbs Reflective Cycle Gibbs model begins with asking what happened. What was your feeling? This allows me to think what accured at the time of event. What was my role in the situation? What was I stressful to achieve and what action to take? What was the response of others and what they thought?We move from the second stage of Gibbs Cycle. What does this tell me about my patients? What is the model is model of care I am using? How is my attitude towards the patient? What should I have done to make this better?Final stage of Gibbs model. What do I need to do to make things better? Question myself about improving patient care widen my knowledge to improve patient care. Conclusion During my research I began to acknowledge the fact that critical reflection is essential in nursing to enable to look back words on errors made in the work place. Gibbs Cycle is the tool around in reflecting back on thoughts and actions accomplished by nurses. If we look back on what we do and how we do it, high care of patient care can be monitored easily without causing harm in the work place. (ANMC) embraces all nurses and practitionersto engage in some type of activity to enhance reflective thinking as it helps in gathering relevant and current information as it is part of the legislation. I feel it has come to my mind that critical reflection it is an important tool on reflecting ones thoughts. Perception of my role Critical reflection has knowledge me to look backwards and think of things we do. It has changed my perception of nursing as my knowledge grow enormously towards my role as a nurse since commencing my university degree. I feel I have a responsibility as a nurse to follow the nursing and midwifery council scheme to remain current.

Transpersonal Psychology Essay Example for Free

Transpersonal Psychology EssayThe field of Transpersonal Psychology is the fourth field of psychology in appendage to psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychology which covers the concepts regarding Near decease sense honesty, dream reality and waking reality. According to Lajoie and Shapiro from the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, Transpersonal psychology is concerned with the study of humanitys highest potential, and with the recognition, understanding, and realization of spiritual and a priori states of consciousness. (Lajoie and Shapiro, 199291).However, Walsh and Vaughan started to criticize the many definitions of transpersonal psychology and referred it as the branch of psychology which studies transpersonal get the hangs which can be experienced during a distorted consciousness and other phenomena related to realms of mind and consciousness. (Walsh Vaughan, 1993, p203).Near Death ExperienceNear Death Experience (NDE) has been regarded as a phenomeno n connected with several aspects such as the after-life experience and physiological experience that has both spiritual and psychological effects depending on how it is perceived. According to Jansen and Phil, NDE is an altered state of consciousness of potentially great importance to psychology, philosophy, religion, medicine, neuroscience, art, and humanity in general. The mystery which it represents is of universal significance. (Dr. Karl Jansen MB.ChB., 1998). According to Jody Long, a person who experienced NDE integrates it to his existing belief and strengthens their sense of spirituality which may use up change of religion. (Long, 2003)Generally, Kenneth Ring (1980) classified NDEs on a 5 stages in progression1. feelings of peace and contentment2. a sense of detachment from the automobile trunk3. enter a transitional world of distressingness (rapid movement through a longdark tunnel the tunnel experience)4. emerging into bright light which maybe a religious figure and5. entering the light.According to van Lommel, et.al., based on the clinical studies, some factors that lead to NDE include cardiac arrest, postnatal loss of blood, anaphylactic shock, coma, asphyxia, suicide, apnoea, near-drowning and serious depression.(van Lommel, 2001) However, it was observed that there ar quite similarities among the description of NDEs and the skeptics understood it to be attributed to the pathology of the dying or reviving brain as suggested by Dr. Vladimir Negovsky. (Pravda, 2004).Dream RealityA dream, as defined by American Heritage Dictionary (1978), is a series of images, ideas, etc., occurring in certain stages of sleep. Physiologically, it is ordinarily understood to be the product of the subconscious brain in processing waking reality and oft outside the control of the dreamer.Eventually, studies showed that there is an exemption in lucid dreaming where the dreamer can control some aspects of the dream and experience it clearly. Stephen LaBerge, a p opular experimenter has defined it as dreaming spot discriminating that you are dreaming. The clarity of the lucid dream signifies good dream recall. Practicing the control of the dream and recreating it may sometimes need tests to determine whether one is dreaming or not. Most common reality tests applied includes pinching oneself, dimension ones nose, or facing a mirror.(LaBerge, 1993)According to Eugen Tarnow, lucid dreaming is similar to NDE in that the persons involved both recall them with clarity. Both gives color and sound and become part of a long-run holding even during waking life. During waking life an executive function interprets long term memory consistent with reality checking. (Long, 2003) This coincides with Grossos observation that both stem from the same matrix of consciousness and involve the same mechanisms. (Grosso, 1983) It can also noted that as the NDErs consciously knows that they are experiencing reality, so the lucid dreamers knows that they are dre aming.It was shown in a study entitled Dreams and NDE that dreams rarely reproduced any part of the experience. (Long, 2003) This became the strongest evidence that NDEs and dreams are by and large different states of consciousness. Another way to interrelated the dreams, NDE and waking life is by looking at the thickness or thinness of boundaries an individual may have.According to Abraham Maslow an individuals capacity to experience prodigious states depends on a quality of openness that permits them to occur. (Kohr, 1983) p.171 Apparently, the thicker or more rigid the person, the less dreams the person recalled while the thinner or more fluid the person, the more dreams and waking reality blended.REFERENCESLajoie, D. H. Shapiro, S. I. (1992). Definitions of transpersonal psychology The first 23 years. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, Vol. 24. p. 91.Walsh, R. Vaughan, F. (1993). On transpersonal definitions.Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 25 (2) 125-182Dr. Karl Jan sen MB.ChB., M. M. S., D. Phil (Oxon), MRCPsych. (1998). Ketamine Near Death and Near Birth Experience. Retrieved February 26, 2007, from http//www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=91Grosso, M. (1983). Jung, Parapsychology, and the Near-Death Experience Toward a Transpersonal Paradigm. The Journal for Near-Death Studies, 3(1), 19-22.Kohr, R. (1983). Near-Death Experiences In, Altered States, and Psi Sensitivity, Anabiosis. The Journal for Near-Death Studies, 3(2), 169-172.LaBerge, S. a. L., Lynne. (1993). The Light and Mirror Experiment Nightlight 5(Summer), 10.Long, J. A. a. L., Jeffrey. (2003). Dreams, Near-Death Experiences, and Reality Retrieved February 26, 2007, from www.nderf.orgvan Lommel, P. e. a. (2001). Near Death Experience In Survivors of Cardiac Arrest A Prospective Study in the Netherlands. The Lancet( 358 ), 2039-2042.

Fun at School Essay Example for Free

Fun at School EssayIs a conspiracy hypothesis defined primarily by its internal news report characteristics or by its external discursive position? The answer to this quote is because the term conspiracy theory is not a neutral descriptor it is commonly deployed as a term of disqualification for narratives that may, on their qualities, be thought. Further, when attached to a writer or thinker, the label conspiracy theorizer can carry a shame similar in kind (if not degree) to that suffered by those designated mentally ill. I dont think that I am paranoid that much because I dont have to believe what other bulk say somewhat their theories. I see others paranoid though every day. I think some conspiracy theorist could have a bad rap because people do not comparable what they have to say. For representative 9/11 people say terrorist flew into the twin towers. Conspiracy theorist say t here(predicate) where bombs implanted throughout the building and that the attack was plot ted by our own government.Of course this is going to give these people a bad rap. If our society believes our own government is attacking us and they dont want to believe its uncoiled then it falls back on the conspiracy theorist giving him a bad rap. I do agree America is much paranoid then other countries because of the hype of conspiracy theories like sandy hook, 9/11, and all the deaths of famous people like Tupac, and JFK. Other countries may have more problems than us like war and food and water and they need more help than us, so wherefore are we the ones paranoid and they are not. To me this shows America has only a few things to believe and one of those things organism conspiracy theories. other countries have to worry about sustaining a life and living when Americans are thinking is Tupac really dead? Is this right for us to think like that? Do we really have problems here in the U.S.?

Go Ahead in Recession Essay Example for Free

Go Ahead in receding EssayRecessionThe im telling group behind nearly a third of UK rail journeys suffered a profits issue forth as the double-dip recession hit demand for one of its key commuter lines. enterprise said direct profits at its rail arm cut 17 per cent to 40 million in the year to June 30, with its Southern franchise, which connects Brighton and much of Sussex with London, seeing revenues at the end of the period 2 per cent weaker than it fancy when it bid for the franchise in 2009. The Newcastle-based firm, which as well runs Southeastern and London Midland, said group pre-tax profits fell 3.4 per cent to94.2 million.Pressure groupsEnvironmental impactsAnother main issue for transport is the control of environmental impact. green light takes its responsibility to this very seriously. Because more raft already travel by political machine, this has had a poor impact on our surroundings. Public transport must therefore provide a viable and convenient alter native. move has produced environmental and social responsibility reports on all its operations. The Group came top of the public transport companies that took pick in the Business in the Community Corporate Responsibility Index. 66% of public transport journeys are made by bus. opening prides itself on operating fleets of buses that are well ahead of European environmental standards. They use ultra-low sulphur diesel as well as particulate traps, which cut exhaust liberation levels and improve air quality in cities.http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/go-ahead/meeting-needs-in-a-competitive-sector/planning-for-the-future.htmlixzz2EJCEuy2A Follow us Thetimes100 on Twitter thetimes100casestudies on Facebook David Brown, act Group Chief Executive saidWe are delighted to be supporting the Footprinting Gallery. Go-Ahead has worked with the Carbon Trust since 2008, when we became the first UK transport operator to receive Carbon Trust accreditation after winning action to cut our emis sions. Reducing our carbon footprint is integral to our business strategy, and we continually seek shipway to further reduce our footprint and use fuel more efficiently. We aim to achieve a 20 per cent per passenger journey reduction by 2015 a target we are well on course to meet.The brands exhibiting recognise that everything we buy, produce and use has a carbon impact, and that helping customers to make more environmentally friendly choices when they shop is becoming increasingly important. Some brands such as Go-Ahead are also working to reduce the carbon footprint at an organisational level by implementing energy-saving measures such as sound lighting controls and staff engagement programmes. Govermment policyThe government is also looking at ways of charging nation who use roads, including motorways and roads in city centres. This is in order to reduce congestion and pollution. The integration of transport systems is a key issue for the government and transport companies.Re ad more http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/go-ahead/meeting-needs-in-a-competitive-sector/planning-for-the-future.htmlixzz2EJC7sTFyhttp//www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/business-news/uk-coventry-business-news/2012/09/07/business-news-go-ahead-hit-by-recession-squeeze-92746-31786637/ixzz2EJ3jJmKU CompetetionGo-Ahead is looking at more ways of forming convenient public transport systems involving the mixing of bus, rail, aviation and car parking links to meet government policy and improve its service to passengers. Go-Aheads other operations already create some of these but car parking for example, is a vital part of integrated transport. Go-Ahead is responsible for 156 rail station car parks and a number of Park Ride sites. additionally it purchased Meteor (the third-largest operator of off-street parking in the UK in 2002) which has around 60,000 car-parking spaces across 20 sites. The largest part of the business is airport parking.Services include* managing car parks* car park secur ity* transporting people to and from terminal buildings.Meteor operates under a number of brands, including Pink Elephant and e-parking. The business is growing to provide operate at hospitals and shopping centres. Another part of Go-Ahead, aviance, provides a range of airport facilities. The business loads and unloads commercialised cargo from freight flights and provides baggage handling and check-in services for passenger airlines. It also operates executive lounges and info desks, and manages aircraft slots and customs clearance. These services are offered at airports like Manchester, Birmingham and the main London airports. http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/go-ahead/meeting-needs-in-a-competitive-sector/planning-for-the-future.htmlixzz2EJDQ3Fg7

The fall of the Iron curtain in the 1990s Essay Example for Free

The fall of the Iron curtain in the 1990s evidenceThe fall of the Iron curtain in the 1990s brought a close to a chapter in chronicle that brought the world to the brink of spherical nuclear-armed conflict. However, at the dawn of the 21st century electric chair George W. scrubs administration is self-possessed to reopen that chapter by pursuing a unilateral defense posture that will only reply to modernize and expand current nuclear war fighting capabilities and break the taboo of nuclear non-use.This newspaper publisher will argue that the failure of the get together States to ratify the Comprehensive adjudicate Ban pact (CTBT) as well as the pursuit of a National Missile Defense (NMD) will lock the coupled States back into its Cold War guarantor predicament in which striving to increase security breeds more than insecurity. CTBT Since the 1950s, opposition to nuclear testing has been spurred by concerns over its health and environmental effects and by testing creation one of the more visible signs of the nuclear arms racetrack.Most recently, in 1995-1996, massive worldwide criticism of French nuclear tests in the South Pacific, caused France to curtail its test program. Public opposition and the dangers of an arms race fueled by nuclear testing ready lead governments to try to limit and blockage nuclear testing for over 40 years. However, in 1999 the United States Senate refused to implement the CTBT, which would urinate put an sack to nuclear weapons testing and development. The United States failure to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty guarantees a future end to the ten-year moratorium on testing.The events of September 11th and the subsequent war on terrorism have the Bush administration lookuping for new options on the battlefield. Recently the administration began studying options for the development and action of a small, low- afford nuclear weapon called a bunker-buster which would burrow into the ground to destro y buried hideaways of rogue leading like Saddam Hussein or Osama Bin Laden. This pursuit non only guarantees no destiny of the CTBT ever coming into law in the US but it also guarantees the breakd deliver in the firewall in the midst of conventional warfare and nuclear warfare.Using nuclear weapons in conventional warfare guarantees the escalation of conflict that would whorled out of figure and only serve to hurt future arms reductions negotiations. The development of low yield nuclear weapons is also potential to spur a new arms race between the US and Russia because of an increased reliance on tactical nuclear weapons, in which the concept of Mutually Assured oddment is no longer employed as deterrence but as procedure.1 Therefore the United States effort to increase its security by developing weapons to defeat terrorists would only serve to escalate its own insecurity and showcase US military paranoia. The failure of the US to ratify the CTBT also makes it less likely tha t other states will enter into the treaty. Pakistan and India, known nuclear states that are the most likely to start a nuclear confrontation have long been waiting to see what the US is going to do on CTBT before they take a stance. The effect of the US ratifying the CTBT would be the equivalent of saying Gentlemen, start your engines.2 Every government in the world that is considering the treaty would race to get the treaty to enter into force. If those countries were to slip by on their current course of nuclear development it is likely that the Bush administration would have to retain its doctrine that it is using against Iraq in order to prevent the spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction to terrorist organizations. Ratification of the CTBT would not only halt US weapons development at its current state but it would also helper pave the way for eventual disarmament.The ratification of the CTBT would also help on a lower floormine the current security dilemma the United States is locked in to. NMD NMD first appeared under hot seat Reagan in the early 1980s. It was popularly known as Star Wars because it was intended to be a space-based system for the reconnaissance and prompt in-flight destruction of long-range missiles dismissed at the US3. However, due to its complexity and cost, the Star Wars system was never built. However, anti-missile systems continue to be explored, as for role model the Exo-Atmospheric Kill Vehicle developed under president Clinton.4 NMD represents an attempt to ensure that the US is eternally safe from any kind of attack, especially from irrational rogue states armed with long-range missiles. It shows clearly that an dependent world and globalisation bring with them a sense of insecurity. This sense of insecurity could be said to verge on paranoia, considering the disparity of forces between rogue states and the US. Indeed, as there is brought here, every threat is magnified under the lens of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and must be hedged against.Echoing President Clinton, British Prime Minister Tony Blair argued that in an interdependent world, extensive multilateralism was the only choice that could lead to true security from multiple, global threats. 5 However, President Bush seems to have chosen the opposite path by seeking to protect the US unilaterally, resulting in the logic of the Cold War arms race. NMD in particular, as it is a space-based defense system, seems particularly vulnerable to the logic of the arms race. Indeed, today only one in eighter active orbiting satellites belong to the US military.6 This proportion is set to decrease, as launching satellites into space continues to lead more and more affordable to companies and smaller countries. Therefore, in the unilateralist logic, space-based weapons will also become increasingly acquirable to possible enemies, presenting a new threat to US security that must be overcome by ever more expensive scientific fixes. Furt hermore, since i la carte multilateralism undermines the ABM Treaty, the arms race perspective becomes even more likely, as it contains the most explicit protections of satellites on the books.7 The ABM Treaty effectively blocked the development of anti-missile defense systems,8 thus ensuring that any country launching a missile attack would be unable to defend itself from a retaliatory strike. Were this treaty to disappear, aggressive acts towards satellites, most in all probability by present or future rogue states, would only become more likely a self-fulfilling prophecy. This logic serves only to reiterate the fact that The basis of security is that it never works for just one. You have to have security for everyone or it fails. 9.That entering the arms race logic is the result of paranoia rather than naturalism is shown by the fact that the widening access to satellites to both businesses and countries could equally be seen as reinforcing the USs dominant position. Indeed, b ecause of the USs undoubted technological advantage, it has developed many of the technologies which have become commonplace. For example, the Australian army relies on the American GPS system,10 and it is further distort into the fabric of daily life by being used by navigators in the worlds airlines and ships and even in ordinary peoples boats and cars.11 Thus it is possible to say that the GPS system is universal and is no longer being tied to any particular territory. A more liberal approach than that taken by the Bush administration would suggest that overall, this diminishes the likelihood of an attack upon the satellites. Indeed By sharing GPS, no one feels so threatened to compete with it, and because of its widespread use any country that damaged it would provoke a global fury. 12 US insecurity is further demonstrated by frequent inversions of its actual military posture. Hence, the US is often represented as a weak military nation, despite its crushing military superiori ty.For example, Condoleeza Rice, President Bushs national security advisor, claimed during President Clintons tenure that US soldiers had been turned into social workers, and that the armed forces as a whole were as weak as in 1940. 13 The current Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld stave of the increasing vulnerability of the US, and evoked images of a space-based Pearl Harbor early on in President Bushs tenure. 14 This constant fear of vulnerability is mirrored in academic circles. Kagan states that the defense cypher needs to be increased rapidly, by as much as $50-100 billion per year.15 As a budgetary recommendation, this figure seems fanciful, considering the combination of a slowing US economy, the $1. 35 trillion tax condense promoted by President Bush and the difficulty of pushing a far more modest budget increase through Congress this past budgetary session. However unrealistic, it does serve to reflect the condition of institutionalize paranoia. Insecurity is clearly shown when the US, by far the worlds leading military power in terms of budget, applied science, logistics and training, is portray as being highly vulnerable to people such as Osama Bin Laden,16 the alleged terrorist.Rather, the US is creating the conditions of its own insecurity. Indeed, the combination of i la carte multilateralism, dreams of Full Spectrum Dominance and the idiosyncratic branding of received states as rogues can only serve to antagonize friends and foes alike. Rather than defusing possible threats at the source, President Bushs policies seem more likely to provoke attack. Of course, any attack would be taken as a justification of these policies, feeding into a vicious circle of insecurity resolved through the deification of technology and the abandonment of the human contact represented by treaty negotiation.In Der Derians words, President Bush symbolizes the attractor who has given up on peace on earth and now seeks peace of mind through the worship of new t echno-deities. 17 Rumsfelds drive to reform the military on the basis of NMD and other space-based technologies implies profoundly and risky reductions in conventional forces, such as cuts in the number of Army divisions, Navy aircraft carriers and occupation Force fighter wings. 18 This further reinforces the fact that techno-strategy is supplanting humanity in security considerations.The bet for unilateral absolute security, especially through technology and unilateralism, is a form of the necessarily doomed search for a single power or sovereign truth that can dispel or control the insecurities, indeterminacies, and ambiguities that make up international relations. 19 The negative consequences of smart warfare are one instance of the risks of President Bushs logic. It is clear that if the United States continues to pursue its misguided foreign policy the world will in brief witness a new wave of arms races and decreased securitization.Only by pursuing arrogance building, re gime oriented measures can the United States help avert the next Cold War. Ratification of the CTBT and determination the pursuit of a National Missile Defense seem to be the first steps in the process toward paving the way into the 21st century. The United States can either sit back a not take on its role as a champion of the free world or it can take a proactive stance in stomping out the possibility of a re-create arms race and break out of its Cold War security dilemma.1 Alexander, B. and Millar, A. (www. fourthfreedom. org/php/print. php? hinc=DefenseNewstnw. hinc) July 11, 2001 2 Kuchta, A. Dickinson daybook of International Law A Closer Look The US Senates Failure to Ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 19 Dick. J. Intl L. 333. 3 http//www. nuclearfiles. org/chron/80/1980s. html 4 http//www. msnbc. com/news/845497. asp? 0cv=TB10 5 Blair, T. , article of belief of the International Community, speech delivered in Chicago, 23 April, 1999, http//www. number-10.gov. uk.

My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun Essay Example for Free

My Life had stood a Loaded Gun EssayEmily Dickinsons My Life had stood a Loaded Gun is a right song that takes into account various thematic expressions. Its comprehensiveness in brevity is a nonher essential character of this rime. It symbolizes power and unconventional feminist urges on the art of the poetess. In this poem, Emily Dickinson finds an instrument adequate enough to envision her need for fulfillment through absolute commitment to loves service. The poem begins with a promising conceit.Fused from the ambiguous abstraction of life and the explicit concretion of loaded gun, it expresses the charged potential of the compassionate being who remains dormant until identified into a conscious vitality. And after hat identification, we observe the work of a new poem i. e. the start of a new life. Historically, it was written in age when Ameri cornerst superstar nightspot was torn with civil war. The symbol that Emily Dickenson has used is an essence of an experi ence. It is quite obvious that a general insight that the poet tries to express in non obtained merely by imaginative wandering, it is based on cover experiences.Emily Dickinson presents the same insight into the historical experiences of her time. The very first stanza symbolizes the paradox of finding wizardself through losing starself. It is rendered in the poem by one word individuality is claimed when someone claimed the gun as her own. The American civil war was to a fault the process of finding ones own identity by losing ones own identity. The internal rivalries and petty identities were to be removed to achieve a national reconciliation. This national reconciliation ultimately brought the national identity.Although this process was on halt and stayed in corners for many decades till a day came. Now they roam in free Woods. So Emily Dickinson has epitomized a national experience. Now this gun is foe of His Im deadly foe. His can be described in various connotations. His is emblem of nation state that is fully sovereign. His is an integrated society or the one who longs to be integrated after the pathos and miseries of Civil war. Poetess further emphasize that none stir the second time -/ whom I lay a Yellow Eye -/ an emphatic flip.All these gestures are for those who are internal or external antagonists to the new national experience. This poem has also captivated the feminist attention who has given it a new evaluative dimension. Some critics are of the wad that thorough this poem, Emily has tried to present a woman that she was not primarily in the second one-half of the 19th century whereas opposite feminist critics holds the view that poem totally negates the feminine qualities and the main fable considers everything thatwoman is not cruel not pleasant, hard not soft, emphatic not weak, one who kills not one who nurtures. (Bennet, 1986) But Emily Dickinson has provided a framework of power i. e. feminine power and established certain p attern on which women power can grow and has shown certain direction where women power can direct itself. It must be kept in mind that all the action verbs in the poem are not harmful or of insidious personality. It expresses powers to hunt speak smile guard and kill. So this power has paradoxical nature and a balance mix of these powers is necessary as shown and done by Emily Dickinson.Furthermore, Miss Dickinson does show a longing for deadliness precisely in actuality it is only for safeguarding. Wrath is a part of her being but she does not let it go if not invoked or incited. So her aggression and anger and the consequences as a result of it (killing and deaths) are not unwomanly but are an extension of her very personality. These feelings are not uncommon but are surely unpredictable. In the second half of the poem, she is only providing guard to one who has helped her to get rid of her alienation and had blessed her with intimacy.Here Emily Dickinson seems conventional in her feminist approach that a woman can do everything unwomanly for the one who is her companion in true experience of the word. Christine moth miller (1987) says in this regard that In the second instance, the speaker prefers guarding the master to having shared his pillow, that is, to having shared intimacy with himprimarily sexual, one would guess from the general structure of the poem. On the other hand, this poem expresses the agonies of a pistillate poet that was restricted by her family and society to a narrow life devoid of any intellectual and/or literary independence.These neighborly and familial compulsion produced rashness in Emilys attitude. She was forced to produce art in seclusion and to it keep to herself only. So language becomes her only mean and tool to bear the torments of her intellectual beings. She embodies language as gun and is of the view that this loaded gun accompanied with her literary beings is fatal for socio-cultural compulsion against women. It provided her a sense of power and control. She further eulogizes language and considers it a safeguard to her literary being.And her language is enemy to al those traditions, norms, muckle and things who are against her poetical endeavors. This poem can further illustrate the conflicts between two classes with their interest. Although this conflict is not materialistic or monetary but it exists in the socio-cultural domain. One class adheres to the conventions and does not allow female members to express their view on any issue especially in the form of poetry whereas other lass are comprised of the intellectual beings who consider it their right to create and disseminate their thoughts and ideas in the literary form.This poem symbolizes the struggle of the latter class and demonstrates that they are more powerful than the convention-ridden society. The poem starts with an individual quest for his/her identity but it changed into a capitalized We. Now the concern of the poetess is no more individualistic and sentimental, rather it has been transformed into something collective, social and concrete. The identities have been mingled up with each other. Both owner and the owned perform the same masculine activities.They are no more individual but become a part of the larger whole i. e. society. boilersuit the poem captures a variety of themes through various thematic expressions. Although the conclusion is disturbing but it has relevance to the thematic expressions as it tries to resolve the problem initiated in the first half. Powerlessness or even idolatry of that is death to the poetess has no other option but to die without powerlessness. Last stanza is not a moralistic commentary but is identification of a wider truth.Bennett, Paula. My Life a Loaded Gun Dickinson, Plath, Rich, and Female Creativity. capital of Massachusetts Beacon Press. 1986. Gilbert, Sandra M Gubar, Susan. The madwoman in the attic the woman writer and the nineteenth-century literar y imagination. New Haven Yale University Press. 1979. Miller, Christanne. Emily Dickinson, a poets grammar. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. 1987. Smith, Martha Nell Loeffelholz, Mary. A companion to Emily Dickinson. Malden, MA Blackwell Pubishers. 2008.

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay Example for Free

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay1. IntroductionAbrasive coalesce machining (AFM) was firstly unquestionable fifty years ago by Extrude Hone Corporation, USA. By using the naiant elastic stuff and nonsense with easy eatability made of polymer and spotty grains, AFM give notice be apply to polish, deburr and radius for the workpiece. There atomic number 18 three kinds of AFM one-way AFM, bipartisan AFM and orbital AFM 1. In this case to manufacture the cylinder heads, shell out of both-way AFM is much more widely used and its technology is more mature, we also choose the two-way AFM to do the surface finishing. Schematic of two-way flow shows in number below.Figure 1 principle of material removal mechanism in two-way AFM process 1 Prior to machining, liquid rough will be put into the degrade medium cylinder, the designed fixture which clamping the workpiece will be fixed among two cylinders. The hurrying medium, lower medium cylinder and fixture will form a confine d space. after heat the whole system to working temperature, by forcing the lower piston (usually by hydraulic), the liquid techy will be pressed into the descent formed by clamp and workpiece, whence flow into the upper medium cylinder. After the stroke of lower piston finished, the upper piston will force the liquid abrasive back into lower cylinder 2, an operating cycle will be finished.See more Beowulf essay essay2. Three key elements of AFM1) Machine toolUse to fasten the workpiece and fixture, and control the pressure applied on the workpiece, to adjust the degree of abrasive accuracy.2) Liquid AbrasiveLiquid abrasive is abrasive tool in the AFM, it should has following properties, a) Non-corroding and dont adhere to the workpiece and human skin. b) Good adhesive properties between different abrasive grains. c) Be able to maintain the viscoelasticity for a long timed) Non-volatile and non-deteriorate after a long time preservation. e) Strong cohesion.For these properties, the conventional liquid abrasive is made fromSemi-solid carrier which has viscoelasticity, flexibility and keen property mixed with abrasive grains. Different intrinsic viscosities of different carriers, different types and size of abrasive grains can affect the final tolerance and roughness 2. The most frequently used abrasives are silicon carbide, carborundum, solid Boron Nitride(CBN), aluminum oxide, the size of grain vary from 0.005mm to 1.5mm. Abrasive with high viscosity is mainly used to polish the walls of workpiece and large through-hole while low viscosity abrasive is primarily for radiusing the edge and polishing the subtile through-hole.3) FixtureThe function of fixture,a) Positioning and fixing the workpiece.b) Bearing clamping force for some workpiece.c) Constitute a channel for liquid abrasive with some machined surface of workpiece in suitable size and section.d) Realizing simultaneous machine fourfold workpiece in one device.3. Advantage of AFM,Abrasive flow mac hining has accuracy, stability and flexibility. It uses liquid abrasive to remove the admixture material infinitesimally, deburr and radius the internal intersections of workpiece. At present, AFM is widely used in automotive industry and opposite manufacturing. The fundamental advantage of AFM is the liquid abrasive can reach the positions which are not easily be machined by tradition surface finish methods since the complexity of workpiece, polished surface evenly and in integrity, crapper processing has the same result.These characteristics improve the performance of part, extend the working life, avoid the multifarious manual labour, and lower the intensity of labor. For example, when polish the intake-tube of vehicle by traditional process, the tube need to be cut into half, then welding after polishing, but using the AFM, cut and welding can be avoided 3.4. Geometrical and thermic effects.Viscosity of liquid abrasive will decrease when the working temperature enhances 3, an d working ability of abrasive depends on its viscosity as the figure 2 shown.Figure 2 the machining effects of different viscosity of abrasive materials 5 Since cutting force is proportional to viscosity, so higher viscosity means stronger scratch ability, as a result abrasive with higher viscosity will get a better surface. In conclusion, temperature is a very important factor during the process. While the abrasive grains polish the surface, it will generate heat, enhancing the temperature as the figure 3 shown.Figure 3 Variation of rise in temperature of workpiece with number of cycles 4 The rise of temperature will advert the working ability reduce. So cooling system is need during the process to ensure the best machined surface. Geometry of cylinder head also affects the result of surface finishing. Many small through-holes exist in the cylinder head, flow rate of abrasive is much bigger in these through-holes according to fluid mechanics, even these accelerations enhance grin ding ability, but due to shearing force generated by abrasive being extrusion at narrow pass, it is evident that temperature will rise rapidly, lower the grinding ability. So geometrical effect need to consider when design a cylinder head.1. Rhoades L.J., Kohut T.A., Reversible Unidirectional AFM, US patent number 5,070,652, Dec 10th, 1991. 2 Szulczynski, Hubert, Uhlmann, Eckart, MATERIAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS IN ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING3 Guizhen Song, THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL enquiry ON ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING 4 Rajendra K. Jain, V. K. Jain. Specific energy and temperature determination in abrasive flow machining processJ. International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture, 2001(41)1689-1704 5 Tang Yong, Zhou De-ming, Yang Gang, Machinability of Abrasive Flowing Machining. Journal of federation china university of technology, 2001-9

Political Elite Revised Essay Example for Free

Political Elite Revised EssayDo you want to belong to the elite radical? Or do you sometimes feel that, in a way, you belong to the elite? With away its semi governmental meaning, the elite b bely refer to a group that possesses superior qualities than the rest. It is the cream of the crop. In one way or another, some of us whitethorn pose already experienced belonging to the elite, such as when we became theatrical role of an important club in school or belonged to the top of the class. In the book Concept and Issues in Comparative Politics, Frank Wilson explained that when applied to politics, the term elite acquires a negative connotation to mean a small group who conspire to monopolize power and use it for their benefit. However, without this semi policy-making meaning, term elite refers to those who ar active in political processes.Thus, Wilson stresses that not only the politicians belong to the elite, but as well the perspective leaders and influence wielders and the senior civil servants. While politicians seek and draw elective or found government congeals, influential figures participate in the process by shaping the ideas and preferences of others. This makes the media and business group as parts of the political elite. Bureaucrats or senior civil servants ar as well as one of the components of the elite because they are involved in the policy- and decision-making processes in the government.Can a person enter the round of the elite by moving his or her way up in the bureaucracy? Yes, if the persons career achievements moral excellence him or her to be recruited into the elite. Basically Wilson suggests two ways of recruitment to the elite by achievement and by ascription. Recruitment by achievement does not only refer to technical skills, but as well pertains to interpersonal, leaders or money-making skills. This is in stark contrast with the ascriptive mode of recruitment wherein a person automatically becomes a member of the elite because he or she was born with silver spoon in the mouth, so to speak.Also, Wilson points out that recruitment by achievement is characteristic of developed political systems, while recruitment by ascription is more common in traditional societies. However, it is not uncommon to find elites by birth who also developed the necessary skills to lead by achievement. For example, George W. Bush did not become the US President plain because he is the son of George H. W. Bush but his premiere-hand observation of his fathers former job, the Bushs network of influence, and the name recall surely helped in his campaign.Wilson also classifies elites into open and closed elites. The US is considered as one of the most open political recruitment processes because of the system of primary elections. One does not have to be a dedicated party worker to get nominated and eventually elected. According to Wilson, it also explains why movie stars could become elected officials, as well. Most antiauthoritarian societies have open elites indeed outsiders have multiple opportunities to enter the elite circle but there are also pop societies which require aspiring politicians to serve apprenticeships in local or party politics. This is to prevent just anybody, specially those who are only famous, to get elected without any political experience. On the other hand, closed elites are characteristic of authoritarian regimes wherein membership to the elite is controlled. In practice, however, there are also democratic regimes which also have closed elites, in a sense that ruling elites may hinder other members of the rescript from obtaining fair to middling political leverage to become one of the political elite. For instance, I want to get in the elite circle because I have sufficient background, knowledge and skills to become a leader, but the circle is controlled and very elitist (snobbish). Do I have other options if I do not get recruited through achievement? Yes, by ascription such as by marrying a member of the elite, as Wilson stresses, or stage a revolt or a coup detat to overthrow the ruling elite. Nevertheless, savage successions of the elites usually happen when there is no predictability or long-established rules in the change of leadership. In most innovational political systems, there are approved procedures in the transition and legitimation of leadership that would render the melody spill unnecessary.However, even if Wilson contends that unpredictable successions are common to authoritarian regimes and third world countries, he also cites examples to the contrary. He takes picky exception to the Party politics in China which has proven that orderly sort of succession is likely, even in an authoritarian system. To add to this example are a number of narrow-minded democracies in Asia wherein rulers could maintain their hold in power, yet such undemocratic rule were long authorized by the people. Wilson also adds that there are other ways to make the elites hold on power legitimate such as tradition, charismatic appeal, accepted rational processes, and more importantly, mental ability of the political elite to deliver its promises to the people. The capability to perform to improve the welfare of the people could be a more powerful factor for legitimacy than election, and thus could make peoples obedience possible even if the rule is considered undemocratic. However, whether in democratic or authoritarian regimes, any elite that would exercise despotic force to command obedience from the people is bound to fail and that is when we observe violent or separate out transitions of political power. Still, there is always a certain elite or a small group that would be most directly involved in the political processes. Even erstwhile collectivised regimes which claimed to hike equality among the people have been ruled by elites, and have in fact used their position to perpetuate themselves in power. The wid ely-held notion of democracy is that of a representative democracy. As such, it has been a nagging enmity in the studies of elite that even the most democratic systems are not truly democratic because political leadership is in the hands of a representative elite that would never mirror the general citizenry.Wilson has provided enough empirical evidence that those who usually get recruited into the elite are from the middle and upper classes, educated, from dominant social groups, and male. Even if the elite would recruit from the ranks of the masses, those who would enter the elite would soon acquire the certain values and perspectives that are characteristic of the elite. Thus they get absorbed into the system and could not possibly reform the system. As such radicals view that only by changing the system itself, say, by supplanting a genuinely socialist one, that political elitism would end.The above proposition is grounded on the assumption that elitism is bad, as Wilson has scrutinized effectively. Breaking down this assumption brings us to the sub-assumptions that firstly, political elites always rules in its own best interests and that secondly, the best political representation of a particular group is made by people who are from that group. Wilson debunks these assumptions for lack of sufficient empirical evidence.In the first instance, political elites ruling only on their interests can always be checked in democratic societies. In democratic systems wherein the succession of political power is determined by elections, the ruling elites would have to move around to the wishes of important portions of the population because they would ultimately need their support come election time. Of course, it is also possible that the political elite sincerely care for the people that is why we now have welfare states and taxation systems that in reality hurt the rich and benefit the poor.The argument that one can best represent the interests the group where he or she comes from, at all times, may not always hold true since as Wilson explained in the text, new entrants to the elite may change their values by virtue of their position thus may render them useless in advancing his original group or class. A very concrete example would be the socialist Russian revolution which catapulted the working class into power, which in the long depart only became a self-seeking and self-defensive class of its own. Thus Wilson argues that a pluralist democracy, wherein various interests are articulated and political competition prevents domination of political power of a single set of elites, holds the answer to the controversy that bedevils the political elite. As such, the rule of the elites, per se, is not bad as long as it is in the context of a working pluralist democracy.